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Depression, Eating Disorders, ADHD

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Eating Disorders

Eating is vital to life. We must eat on a daily basis in order to keep our bodies functioning efficiently. But sometimes we find it difficult to eat in ways that we know are healthy. Emotions, stress and peer pressure can cause teens to alter their eating habits in unhealthy ways. The result can be an eating disorder.

Who develops eating disorders?

Eating disturbances and disorders occur in virtually all types of people. People of all races, religions, sexual orientations, and economic backgrounds suffer from eating disorders. They affect more females than males, but do occur in both sexes. Eating disorders can happen at any age, but most frequently occur initially during adolescence and young adulthood.

What are the signs?

Physical

  • marked weight loss or weight gain
  • fluctuations in weight of up to 10 pounds or more
  • amenorrhea; menstrual cycle irregularities
  • chronic sore throats or stomach problems
  • decay of tooth enamel
  • dizziness and/or fainting episodes
  • growth of fine "lanugo" or baby-like hair on body
  • chronic fatigue
  • hair loss
  • dehydration
  • swollen cheeks
  • bloodshot eyes

Emotional and Behavioral

  • preoccupation with food and calories
  • fear of eating foods that contain fat
  • "good" and "bad" food categories
  • restricted number of foods in diet
  • intense fear of weight gain or becoming "fat"
  • avoiding situations where food is served
  • frequent weighing of self
  • compulsive, excessive exercise habits
  • purging behaviors (vomiting, laxatives/diuretics, enemas)
  • depression and/or anxiety
  • isolation or withdrawal from family and friends
  • denial of eating problems or weight loss

Sometimes it is not easy to spot the signs of an eating disorder or disturbance. Many people with anorexia will wear large, baggy clothing to hide the weight loss from others. They will also cook for others to hide their lack of eating. Most people with bulimia will not have any significant change in weight. They may restrict their intake of food in front of others and binge only in privacy.

An important concept to remember is that the bulimic or anorexic behaviors you see are only the symptoms of a deeper, underlying problem. Until the emotional and mental processes that caused the eating disturbance or disorder are dealt with, the disturbance or disorder will not go away.

What does treatment involve?

According to the National Eating Disorders Association, the most effective and long-lasting treatment for an eating disorder is some form of psychotherapy or counseling, coupled with careful attention to medical and nutritional needs. Ideally, this treatment should be tailored to the individual and will vary according to both the severity of the disorder and the patient's individual problems, needs and strengths.

Care should be coordinated and provided by a health professional with expertise and experience in dealing with eating disorders. Many people with eating disorders respond to outpatient therapy, including individual, group or family therapy and medical management by their primary care provider. Support groups, nutrition counseling and psychiatric medications under careful medical supervision have also proven helpful for some individuals. Inpatient care is necessary when an eating disorder has led to physical problems that may be life-threatening, or when an eating disorder has reached a level of severe psychological or behavioral problems.

The important things to remember are:
Treatment is available. Recovery is possible.

What Can I Do?

  1. Break the silence. Anorexia/bulimia thrives in silence. Although talking about the problem may be frightening at first, it will help to break the isolation and secrecy that eating disorders imposes.
  2. Ask the person what they will find supportive or helpful.
  3. Recognize that each person's path to rediscovery will be unique and will require various types of support. Find out what helping systems are available in your community.
  4. Do not focus on body and weight issues. Anorexia and bulimia already do this. Instead, try focusing on other issues, encouraging the expression of thoughts, feelings, and emotions.
  5. Acknowledge that there is no set time frame for a person to get better.
  6. Recognize that anorexia and bulimia operate on a continuum that begins with body classifications.
  7. Recognize that anorexia and bulimia's messages are endorsed and perpetuated through advertising, dietism, and modern myths regarding success, power, perfection and beauty.
  8. Stress that there is no such thing as "not sick enough". Even a little bit of anorexia/bulimia in a person's life is too much. Anorexia and bulimia operate on a slippery slope and can quickly become all-consuming.
  9. Remember that anorexia/bulimia is the problem -- the person is not the problem.
  10. Review your own attitudes around food, weight and dieting. Become aware of conversational comments that can support body surveillance.
  11. In fighting the fight, set small goals and celebrate all victories in the move away from anorexia/bulimia.

(With appreciation to Methodist Hospital's Eating Disorder Institute)

Local Resources

Human Development Center
Grand Marais: (218) 387-9444
Two Harbors: (218) 834-5520
Silver Bay: (218) 226-3190
24-hour Crisis Line: (800) 634-8775

Sawtooth Mountain Clinic Family Practice Physicians
Grand Marais, MN
(218) 387-2330

Statewide Resources

Methodist Hospital Eating Disorders Institute - St. Louis Park, MN
www.parknicollet.com/methodist/eating_disorders/

The Emily Program - St. Paul, MN
www.emilyprogram.com

The Hope Network, Inc. (Minnesota-based support network)
www.hopenetwork.info

National Resources

Eating Disorders Reading
www.eatingdisorderinfo.org/TeensReadingList.htm

Focus Adolescent Services: Eating Disorders
http://www.focusas.com/EatingDisorders.html

National Association of Anorexia Nervosa & Associated Disorders
www.anad.org
(847) 831-3438

National Eating Disorders Association
www.nationaleatingdisorders.org

Safe Place Teen Topics
www.safeplaceservices.org/teentopics/eating.shtml

Something Fishy website on eating disorders
www.somethingfishy.org

Note: This is by no means meant to include an exhaustive list of mental health supports. Please remember there are many forms of support -- friends, family, spiritual connections, alternative health providers, online resources and internet support groups to name a few.

Disclaimer: Listing of resources and websites is for informational purposes only. Inclusion does not indicate endorsement of any resources or website.

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